Russo G.P. Aerodynamic measurements: From physical principles to turnkey instrumentation

Woodhead Publishing, 2011. — 257 p. — ISBN10: 1845699920.Instrumentation is now supplied as a turnkey apparatus displaying the results of measurements on the screen of a personal computer. Compared to the tedious data handling of the past, this is a wonderful improvement. Despite the shift to automated systems, however, the basic methods and theory have not changed and it is still necessary to understand the basic test techniques and objectives so that tests can be planned and carried out knowing the limits and and the approximations of the instrument used."Aerodynamic measurements" presents a comprehensive review on the theoretical bases on which experimental techniques used in aerodynamics are based. Chapters discuss limitations of each measurement method in terms of accuracy, response time, and complexity. The book will serve as a guide in choosing the most pertinent technique for each type of flow field including: 1D, 2D, 3D, steady or unsteady, subsonic and supersonic of hypersonic. Professor Russo reviews: pressure sensors, velocity and mass flow by pressure measurements, hot wire anemometer, laser anemometry, temperature measurements, flow visualization and measurements of aerodynamic forces.List of figures.
List of tables.Acknowledgements.
About the author.
Pressure sensors.
Fundamental features.
Hydrostatic manometers.
Mechanical manometers.
Pressure transducers.
Pressure-sensitive paints.Velocity and mass flow by pressure measurements.Measurement of flow speed by pressures.
Pitot tube.
Prandtl tube.
Pitot-static tube.
Flow direction measurements.
Mass flow measurements.Hot wire anemometer.Materials for probes.
Probes.
Operating principle.
Constant current anemometer (CCA).
Constant temperature anemometer (CTA).
Comparison of CCA and CTA.
Operating temperature of the wire.
Compensation of the stream temperature.
The linearizer.
Measurements of absolute value and direction of average velocity.
Measurements in turbulent flows.Laser anemometry.The gas laser.
Laser-Doppler anemometer (LDA).
Laser two focus anemometer (L2F).
icle image velocimetry (PIV).Temperature measurements.
Sensors.
Detection of transition.
Measurement of stagnation temperature.Flow visualization.
Objectives of the visualization.
Visualization techniques.
Principles of operation of optical methods.
Deflection of a light beam in the presence of a constant gradient of refractive index.
Shadowgraph.
The Schlieren method.
Interferometry.
Quantitative analysis of Schlieren images and interferograms.Measurements of aerodynamic forces.
Types of supports for models in wind tunnels.
Calculating the aerodynamic forces from pressure measurements.
Measuring the aerodynamic forces with balances.