Heyde K. Basic Ideas and Concepts in Nuclear Physics: An Introductory Approach

2nd Edition. Institute of Physics Publishing Bristol and Philadelphia, 1999. 547 p. — ISBN: 0750305347, 0750305355.This is the second edition of an established textbook on nuclear physics for senior undergraduates and postgraduate students. Professor Heyde has taken the opportunity to make the book more useful for students and teachers by adding an extensive set of problems. To bring the book up to date, he has revised several chapters and added a new chapter on nuclei at the extremes of stability. The book has evolved from a course taught by the author and gives a balanced account of both theoretical and experimental nuclear physics. It is also ideal for researchers wanting an accessible introduction to the subject.
Emphasis is given to depth of treatment rather than skimming over topics and there are many diagrams as well as box inserts illustrating particular topics.Acknowledgements
Preface to the Second EditionKnowing The Nucleus: The Nuclear Constituents And Characteristics
Nuclear global properties
Introduction and outline
Nuclear mass table
Nuclear binding, nuclear masses
Nuclear extension: densities and radii
Angular momentum in the nucleus
Nuclear moments
Dipole magnetic moment
Electric moments-lectric quadrupole moment
Hyperfine interactions
Nuclear reactions
Elementary kinematics and conservation laws
A tutorial in nuclear reaction theory
Types of nuclear reactions
Box la The heaviest artificial elements in nature: from 2 = 109 towards Z = 112
Box Ib Electron scattering: nuclear form factors 4
Box lc Observing the structure in the nucleon
Box 1d One-particle quadrupole moment
Box 1e An astrophysical application: alpha-capture reactions
Box 1f New accelerators
General nuclear radioactive decay properties and transmutations
General radioactive decay properties
Production and decay of radioactive elements
General decay chains
Mathematical formulation
Specific examples-radioactive equilibrium
Radioactive dating methods
Exotic nuclear decay modes
Box 2a Dating the Shroud of Turin
Box 2b Chernobyl: a test-case in radioactive decay chains
ProblemNuclear Interactions: Strong, Weak and Electromagnetic Forces
General methods
Time-dependent perturbation theory: a general method to study interaction properties
Time-dependent perturbation theory: facing the dynamics of the three basic interactions and phase space
Alpha-decay: the strong interaction at work
Kinematics of alpha-decay: alpha particle energy
Approximating the dynamics of the alpha-decay process
Virtual levels: a stationary approach to a-decay
Penetration through the Coulomb barrier
A1 pha-spec troscop y
Branching ratios
Centrifugal barrier effects
Nuclear structure effectsBox 4a wemission in $i8U146
Box 4b Alpha-particle formation in the nucleus: shell-model effects
Beta-decay: the weak interaction at work
The old beta-decay theory and the neutrino hypothesis
An historic introduction
Energy relations and @values in beta-decay
Dynamics in beta-decay
The weak interaction: a closer look
Time-dependent perturbation theory: the beta-decay spectrum shape and lifetime
Classification in beta-decay
The weak interaction: a spinless non-relativistic model
Introducing intrinsic spin
Fermi and Gamow-Teller beta transitions
Forbidden transitions
Electron-capture processes
The neutrino in beta-decay
Inverse beta processes
Double beta-decay
The neutrino mass
Different types of neutrinos: the two neutrino experiment
Symmetry breaking in beta-decay
Symmetries and conservation laws
The parity operation: relevance of pseudoscalar quantities
The Wu-Ambler experiment and the fall of parity conservation
The neutrino intrinsic properties: helicity
Box 5a Discovering the W and 2 bosons: detective work at CERN and the construction of a theory
Box 5b First laboratory observation of double beta-decay
Box 5c The width of the 2' particle: measuring the number of neutrino families
Box 5d Experimental test of parity conservation in beta-decay: the original paper
Gamma decay: the electromagnetic interaction at work
The classical theory of radiation: a summary
Kinematics of photon emission
The electromagnetic interaction Hamiltonian: minimum coupling
Constructing the electromagnetic interaction Hamiltonian
One-photon emission and absorption: the dipole approximation
Multipole radiation
Internal electron conversion coefficients
EO-monopole transitionsBox 6a Alternative derivation of the electric dipole radiation fields
Box 6b How to calculate conversion coefficients and their use in determining
Inuclear strucure information
ProblemNuclear Structure: An Introduction
The liquid drop model approach: a semi-empirical methodThe semi-empirical mass formula: coupling the shell model and the collective model
Volume, surface and Coulomb contributions
Shell model corrections: symmetry energy, pairing and shell corrections
Nuclear stability: the mass surface and the line of stability
Box 7a Neutron star stability: a bold extrapolation
Box 7b Beyond the neutron drip line by P G Hansen
The simplest independent particle model: the Fermi-gas model
The degenerate fermion gas
The nuclear symmetry potential in the Fermi gas
Temperature T = 0 pressure: degenerate Fermi-gas stability
The nuclear shell model
Evidence for nuclear shell structure
The three-dimensional central Schrodinger equation
The square-well potential: the energy eigenvalue problem for bound states
The harmonic oscillator potential
The spin-orbit coupling: describing real nuclei
Nuclear mean field: a short introduction to many-body physics in the nucleus
Hartree-Fock: a tutorial
Measuring the nuclear density distributions: a test of single-particle motion
Outlook: the computer versus the atomic nucleus
Box 9a Explaining the bound deuteron
Box 9b Origin of the nuclear shell model
ProblemNuclear Structure: Recent Developments
The nuclear mean-field: single-particle excitations and global nuclear properties
Hartree-Fock theory: a variational approach
Hartree-Fock ground-state properties
Test of single-particle motion in a mean field
Electromagnetic interactions with nucleons
Hartree-Fock description of one-nucleon emission
Deep-lying single-hole states-fragmentation of single-hole strengthBox 10a Extended Skyrme forces in Hartree-Fock theory
Box 10b Probing how nucleons move inside the nucleus using (e,e’p) reactions
The nuclear shell model: including the residual interactionsEffective interaction and operators
Two particle systems: wavefunctions and interactions
Two-particle wavefunctions
Configuration mixing: model space and model interaction
Energy spectra near and at closed shells
Two-particle spectra
Closed-shell nuclei: Iplh excitations
Large-scale shell-model calculations
A new approach to the nuclear many-body problem: shell-model Monte-Carlo methods
Box 1 la Large-scale shell-model study of l60
Collective modes of motion
Nuclear vibrations
Isoscalar vibrations
Sum rules in the vibrational model
Giant resonances
Rotational motion of deformed shapes
The Bohr Hamiltonian
Realistic situations
Electromagnetic quadrupole properties
Algebraic description of nuclear, collective motion
Symmetry concepts in nuclear physics 3
Symmetries of the IBM
The proton-neutron interacting boson model: IBM-2 37
Extension of the interacting boson model
Box 12a Double giant resonances in nuclei
Box 12b Magnetic electron scattering at Darmstadt: probing the nuclear currents in deformed nuclei
Deformation in nuclei: shapes and rapid rotation
The harmonic anisotropic oscillator: the Nilsson model
Rotational motion: the cranking model
Rotational motion at very high spin
Backbending phenomenon
Deformation energy surfaces at very high spin: super- and hyperdeformation
Box 13a Evidence for a ‘singularity’ in the nuclear rotational band structure
Box 13b The superdeformed band in 15*Dy
Nuclear physics at the extremes of stability: weakly bound quantum systems and exotic InucleiNuclear structure at the extremes of stability
Theoretical concepts and extrapolations
Drip-line physics: nuclear halos, neutron skins, proton-rich nuclei and beyond
Radioactive ion beams (RIBS) as a new experimental technique
Physics interests
Isotope separation on-line (ISOL) and in-flight fragment separation (IFS) experimental methods
Nuclear astrophysics applications
Outlook
Box 14a The heaviest N = 2 nucleus ‘OOSn and its discovery
Box 14b Radioactive ion beam (RIB) facilities and projects
Deep inside the nucleus: subnuclear degrees of freedom and beyondMesons in the nucleus
CEBAF: probing quark effects inside the nucleus
The structure of the nucleon
The quark-gluon phase of matter
Box 15a How electrons and photons ‘see’ the atomic nucleus 4
Box 15b Nuclear structure and nuclear forces
Box 1% The A resonance and the A-N interaction
Box 15d What is the nucleon spin made of?
Box 15e The quark-gluon plasma: first hints seen?
Outlook: the atomic nucleus as part of a larger structure
A Units and conversion between various unit systems
B Spherical tensor properties
B.1 Spherical harmonics
B.2 Angular momentum coupling: Clebsch-Gordan coefficients
B.3 Racah recoupling coefficients-Wigner 6j-symbols
B.4 Spherical tensor and rotation matrix 498
B.5 Wigner-Eckart theorem
C Second quantization-an introduction