Guzzella L., Sciarretta A. Vehicle Propulsion Systems: Introduction to Modeling and Optimization

3rd ed. — Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London, 2013, XII, 276 p. 214 illus. — ISBN: 978-3-642-35913-2.New edition include new developments for propulsion systems and optimization methodologies
Focuses on the minimization of fuel and energy consumption
Numerous case studies illustrate the theory, making this a highly practical text
Exercises are included at the end of each chapter and the solutions are available on the webThis text provides an introduction to the mathematical modeling and subsequent optimization of vehicle propulsion systems and their supervisory control algorithms.
Automobiles are responsible for a substantial part of the world's consumption of primary energy, mostly fossil liquid hydrocarbons and the reduction of the fuel consumption of these vehicles has become a top priority. Increasing concerns over fossil fuel consumption and the associated environmental impacts have motivated many groups in industry and academia to propose new propulsion systems and to explore new optimization methodologies. This third edition has been prepared to include many of these developments.
In the third edition, exercises are included at the end of each chapter and the solutions are available on the web.Content Level » Graduate
Keywords » Automotive Engineering - Energy Consumption Minimization - Fuel Consumption Minimization - Fuel-Cell Vehicles - Hybrid Electric Vehicles - Optimal Control - Road Vehicle Propulsion SystemsRelated subjects » Energy Technology - Mechanical Engineering - Policy, Economics, Management & Transport - RoboticsMotivation
Objectives
Upstream Processes
Energy Density of On-Board Energy Carriers
Pathwaysto Better Fuel Economy
Vehicle Energy and Fuel Consumption – Basic Concepts
Vehicle Energy Lossesand Performance Analysis
Energy Losses
Performance and Drivability
VehicleOperating Modes
Mechanica lEnergy Demandin Driving Cycles
Test Cycles
Mechanical Energy Demand
Some Remarks on the Energy Consumption
Methods and Tools for the Prediction of Fuel Consumption
Average Operating Point Approach
Quasistatic Approach
Dynamic Approach
Optimization Problems
Software Tools
Problems
IC-Engine-Based Propulsion Systems
CEngineModelsNormalized Engine Variables
Engine Efficiency Representation
Gear-Box ModelsSelectionof Gear Ratios
Gear-Box Efficiency
Losses in Friction Clutches and Torque Converters
Fuel Consumptionof ICEngine PowertrainsAverage Operating Point Method
Quasistatic Method
Measures to Improve the Fuel Economy of IC-Engine
Powertrains
Problems
Electric and Hybrid-Electric Propulsion Systems
Electric Propulsion Systems
Concepts Realized
Modelingof Electric Vehicles
Hybrid-Electric Propulsion SystemsSystem Configurations
PowerFlow
Functional Classification
Concepts Realized
Modelingof Hybrid Vehicles
Electric MotorsQuasistatic Modelingof Electric Motors
Dynamic Modelingof Electric Motors
Range Extenders
BatteriesQuasistatic Modelingof Batteries
Dynamic Modelingof Batteries
SupercapacitorsQuasistatic Modeling of Supercapacitors
Dynamic Modelingof Supercapacitors
Electric Power LinksQuasistatic Modeling of Electric Power Links
Dynamic Modeling of Electric Power Links
Torque CouplersQuasistatic Modeling of Torque Couplers
Dynamic Modeling of Torque Couplers
Power Split DevicesQuasistatic Modeling of Power Split Devices
Dynamic Modelingof Power Split Devices
Problems
Non-electric Hybrid Propulsion Systems
Short-Term Storage Systems
FlywheelsQuasistatic Modeling of Flywheel Accumulators
Dynamic Modeling of Flywheel Accumulators
Continuously Variable TransmissionsQuasistatic Modelingof CVTs
Dynamic Modelingof CVTs
Hydraulic AccumulatorsQuasistatic Modeling of Hydraulic Accumulators
Dynamic Modeling of Hydraulic Accumulators
Hydraulic Pumps/MotorsQuasistatic Modeling of Hydraulic Pumps/Motors
Dynamic Modeling of Hydraulic Pumps/Motors
Pneumatic Hybrid Engine SystemsDescriptionof Operation Modes
Problems
Fuel-Cell Propulsion Systems
Fuel-Cell Electric and Fuel-Cell Hybrid VehiclesConcepts Realized
Fuel CellsQuasistatic Modelingof Fue lCells
Dynamic Modelingof Fuel Cells
ReformersQuasistatic Modeling of Fuel Reformers
Dynamic Modelingof Fuel Reformers
Problems
Supervisory Control Algorithms
Powertrain Control
Heuristic Energy Management Strategies
Optimal Energy Management Strategies
Optimal Control Problem Statement
Noncausal Control Methods (Offline Optimization)
Causal Control Methods (Online Sub-Optimal Controllers)
Problems
Appendix I – Case Studies
CaseStudy1:Gear Ratio OptimizationSoftware Structure
Results
Case Study 2: Dual-Clutch System-Gear ShiftingModel Description and Problem Formulation
Results
Case Study 3: IC Engine and Flywheel PowertrainModeling and Experimental Validation
Numerical Optimization
Results
Case Study 4: Supervisory Control for a Parallel HEVModeling and Experimental Validation
Control Strategies
Results
Case Study 5: Optimal Rendez-Vous Maneuvers
Modeling and Problem Formulation
Optimal Control for a Specified Final Distance
Optimal Control for an Unspecified Final Distance
Case Study 6: Fuel Optimal Trajectories of a Racing FCEV
Modeling
OptimalControl
Results
Case Study 7: Optimal Control of a Series Hybrid Bus
ModelingandValidation
OptimalControl
Results
A.8 Case Study 8: Concept Evaluation for a Hybrid Pneumatic Engine
Control Oriented Models
Optimal Control Strategy
Simulation Results
Experimental Validation
Appendix II – Optimal Control Theory
Parameter Optimization Problems
Problemswithout Constraints
Numerical Solution
Minimization with Equality Constraints
Minimization with Inequality Constraints
OptimalControlOptimal Control for the Basic Problem
First Integralof the Hamiltonian
Optimal Control with Specified Final State
Optimal Control with Unspecified Final Time
Optimal Control with Bounded Inputs
Appendix III – Dynamic ProgrammingTheory
Problem Definition
PrincipleofOptimality
Deterministic Dynamic Programming
Stochastic Dynamic Programming
Complexity
ImplementationIssues
Grid Selection
Nearest Neighboror Interpolation
Scalaror Set Implementation
Example: Mild Parallel HEV – Torque Split