Davis J.R. Tensile Testing

2-nd edition. — Ohio, ASM International, 2004. 283 p.Tensile tests are performed for several reasons. The results of tensile tests are used in selecting materials for engineering applications. Tensile properties frequently are included in material specifications to ensure quality. Tensile properties often are measured during development of new materials and processes, so that different materials and processes can be compared. Finally, tensile properties often are used to predict the behavior of a material under forms of loading other than uniaxial tension.
The strength of a material often is the primary concern. The strength of interest may be measured in terms of either the stress necessary to cause appreciable plastic deformation or the maximum stress that the material can withstand. These measures of strength are used, with appropriate caution (in the form of safety factors), in engineering design. Also of interest is the material’s ductility, which is a measure of how much it can be deformed before it fractures. Rarely is ductility incorporated directly in design; rather, it is included in material specifications to ensure quality and toughness. Low ductility in a tensile test often is accompanied by low resistance to fracture under other forms of loading. Elastic properties also may be of interest, but special techniques must be used to measure these properties during tensile testing, and more accurate measurements can be made by ultrasonic techniques.Introduction to Tensile Testing
Mechanical Behavior of Materials under Tensile Loads
Uniaxial Tensile Testing
Tensile Testing Equipment and Strain Sensors
Tensile Testing for Design
Tensile Testing for Determining Sheet Formability
Tensile Testing of Metals and Alloys
Tensile Testing of Plastics
Tensile Testing of Elastomers
Tensile Testing of Ceramics and Ceramic-Matrix Composites
Tensile Testing of Fiber-Reinforced Composites
Tensile Testing of Components
Hot Tensile Testing
Tensile Testing at Low Temperatures
High Strain Rate Tensile Testing