Palocz-Andresen M. Decreasing Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions in Transportation: Sensing, Control and Reduction of Emissions

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. XXIII, 318 p. 121 illus. — ISBN: 978-3-642-11975-0, ISBN: 978-3-642-11976-7 (eBook), DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-11976-7.Examines the reduction of combustion gases in vehicles
Written by an expert who is working for the EU-commission
Written for all experts in this field
Within all areas of transportation, solutions for economical and environmentally friendly technology are being examined. Fuel consumption, combustion processes, control and limitation of pollutants in the exhaust gas are technological problems, for which guidelines like 98/69/EC and 99/96 determine the processes for the reduction of fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions. Apart from technological solutions, the consequences of international legislation and their effects on environmental and climate protection in the area of the transportation are discussed.Content Level » Research
Keywords » Airplane - Car - Environment - Exhaust-Fumes - Micro-Measurement-Technology -OBD - OBM - On-Board Diagnosis - On-Board Measurement - Pollutant Reduction - Sensor Technology - Sensors - Ship - Waste Gas
Related subjects » Electronics & Electrical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering - Pollution and RemediationBasics of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas EmissionsComparison of Fuel Consumption and Emissions in Transportation
Principle of Continuous Controlling Combustion Process
Legislation Frame Conditions
Lack of Micro Sensors and Micro Controller Systems
Variability of Real Travel Conditions
Conversion of Real Operation Emissions to Test Bench Emissions
Specific Characteristics of Vehicles’, Airplanes’ and Ships’ Emissions
Summary and Recommendations: Basics of Intelligent Monitoring of Fuel Consumption and EmissionsFuels in TransportationClassification of Types of Fuels
Road Transport Fuels
Gasoline
Diesel Fuel
Reference Fuels
Products of Natural Gas
Synthetic Fuels
Biogenic Fuels
Blended Fuels
Aviation Fuels
Kerosene
Testing Fuel for Engines
Alternative Fuels to Kerosene in Aviation
Marine Fuels
Marine Distillate Fuels
Heavy Fuel Oil
Summary and Recommendations: Fuels in Transportation
Fuels in Road Transportation
Fuels in Aviation
Fuels in Maritime ShippingConstruction of Transportation MeansRoad Vehicles
Main Construction Elements of Cars
Classification of Vehicles
Influence of Light Weight Construction on Fuel Consumption
Airplanes
Main Construction Elements
Classification of Airplanes
Comparison of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions from Airplane Types
Influence of Weight Reduction on Fuel Consumption
Optimization of Takeoff Mass
Use of New Construction Materials
Construction of Ships
Main Construction Elements
Classification of Ships
Type of Ships
Comparison of Fuel Consumption of Ships
Influence of New Construction Principles on the Fuel Consumption
Summary and Recommendations: Construction Technology
Road Vehicles
Airplanes
ShipsFuel System and Fuel MeasurementFuel System in Vehicles
Fuel Measurement
Fuel System in Airplanes
Fuel Storage and Supply
Fuel Regulation
Fuel Planning
Notes on ETOPS and Additional Fuel
Fuel Systems in Ships
Fuel Preparation and Fuel Supply
Fuel Measurement on Ships
Fuel Planning on Ships
CO2 Index Data Analysis
Summary and Recommendations: Fuel System and Fuel MeasurementEmissionsPhysical and Chemical Properties of Combustion Products
Measurement of Emissions
Measurement at Test Benches
Measurement On-Board
Remote Sensing Technology
Emissions in Road Traffic
Emissions in Aviation
Emissions in Ship Navigation
Summary and Recommendations: Emissions from Transportation
Vehicle Emissions
Airplane Emissions
Ship EmissionsElectronic Systems and Computer TechnologyConstruction of Electronic Systems
Vehicles’ Electronics
Electronic Control Unit
Controller Area Network Bus
Structure of Diagnosis
Airplanes’ Electronics
Flight Management Systems
Engine Monitoring System
Airplane Instruments
Ships’ Electronics
Integrated Bridge System
Elements of Ship Electronics
Vessel Traffic Service and Automatic Identification System
Summary and Recommendations: Electronic Systems and Computer Technology in Transportation
Electronic Technology in Vehicles
Electronic Technology in Airplanes
Electronic Technology in ShipsAerodynamics of Vehicles and Airplanes, and Hydrodynamics of ShipsAerodynamics of Vehicles
Air Resistance
Relation Between Speed and Fuel Consumption
Rolling Resistance
Aerodynamics of Airplanes
Laminar Flow
Nacelle Efficiency
Airframe Concepts with Advanced Aerodynamics
Wingtips and Riblets
Hydro- and Aerodynamics of Ships
Floating on a Cushion of Air
Inland Shipping
Summary and Recommendations: Technical Results in Aero- and Hydrodynamics
Aerodynamics of Vehicles
Aerodynamics of Airplanes
Hydrodynamics of ShipsPropulsion SystemsPropulsion Elements in Road Vehicles
Operating Functions of the Propulsion
Gear Choice
Auxiliary Equipment
Energy Dissipation
Thermal Efficiency
Propulsion of Airplanes
Integration of Airframe and Engine
Retrofitting Old Engines
Thermal Efficiency
Propulsion of Ships
Propeller Systems
New Propeller Technology
Start and Stop System
Summary and Recommendations: Propulsion Systems
Propulsion of Vehicles
Propulsion of Airplanes
Propulsion of ShipsVehicle Engines
Principles of Operation
Operation of Spark and Self Ignition Engines
Spark Ignition Engines
Self Ignition Engine
Summary and Recommendations: Vehicle
Engine TechnologyAirplane EnginesTypes of Engines
Fuel Consumption and Thrust
Construction of the Combustion Chamber
Emissions from the Combustion Chamber
Measurement in Turbofan Engines
Summary and Recommendations: Combustion Process in a Jet EngineMarine Diesel EnginesFuel Consumption in Marine Diesel Engines
Engine Operation
Slow Speed Two-Stroke Marine Diesel Engines
Medium Speed Four-Stroke Marine Diesel Engines
High Speed Four-Stroke Marine Diesel Engines
Main Operation Characteristics of Marine Diesel Engines
Charging Marine Diesel Engines
Operation in Changing Environment Conditions
Impact of Bad Weather on Engine Operation
Cooling Circuit
Operation Monitoring in Marine Diesel Engines
Development Tendencies
Conventional and New Materials
Use of Diesel-Electric Systems
Improving Operation
Summary and Recommendations: Development of Marine Engine TechnologyType Approval and Type CertificationTests of Vehicles
International and National Legislation
Cars, Light and Medium Heavy Duty Trucks
Heavy Duty Vehicles
Tests of Airplanes
Emission Requirements
Sampling, Sample Transfer, Instrumentation and Measurement Technology
JAR-E and CS-E for the Certification of Engines
Certification of Auxiliary Power Units
Tests of Ships
Classification and Judgment
International Environmental Regulations
Sulphur Concentration
Nitrogen Oxide Concentration
Summary and Recommendations: International Type Approval and Type Certification
Vehicle Type Approval
Airplane Type Certification
Ship CertificationInspection and MaintenanceInspection and Maintenance in Road Transportation
OBD in Vehicles with Spark Ignition Engine
OBD in Vehicles with Self Ignition Engine
Inspection and Maintenance in Aviation
Inspection of Airplanes
Maintenance of Airplanes
Maintenance Steering Group
Engine Deteriorations
Commander’s Responsibility
Inspection and Maintenance in Ships
Maintenance Concepts
Crew’s Responsibility
Summary and Recommendations: Inspection and Maintenance
Vehicle Technology
Airplane Technology
Ship TechnologyNavigationRoad Transportation
Ecologic Strategy of Navigation
Foresighted Driving
Convoy Travel with Heavy-Duty Vehicles
Navigation in Aviation
Airports and Aircraft Operators
Information for Civil Aviation Personnel
Air Traffic Control Services
Weather Conditions and Airport Operating Minima
Flight Rules
Optimum Climbing Path and Flight Profile After Takeoff
Descent and Approach Path Optimizing
Fuel Saving by Improved Airspace Coordination and Air Traffic Organization
Ship Navigation
Shipboard Routing Assistance
Ship Distress and Safety Communications
Meteorological and Oceanographic Coordinator and Supporting Service
Broadcast for Navigation
Reporting Environmental Damaging Incidents at Sea
Summary and Recommendations: Impact of Navigation on Fuel Consumption and Emissions
Vehicle Navigation
Airplane Navigation
Ship NavigationClimate and Environmental ProtectionTransportation Emissions
Interaction Between Climate and Economy
Climate Protection in Road Transport
Legislation and Regulations
Comparison of Regulations
Climate Impact of Aviation
Trading with CO2 Emissions in Aviation
Impact of Climate Change on Air Traffic
Climate Impact of Shipping
Large Two-Stroke Marine Diesel Engines
Average Auxiliary Engines
Recycling and Climate Balance of Transportation
Recycling of Vehicles
Recycling of Airplanes
Recycling of Ships
Summary and Recommendations: Climate Protection in Transportation
Vehicle Technology
Aviation Technology
Maritime TechnologyTransportation CostsTendencies of Fuel Supply
Prices of Fuels
Prices of Measurement Technology
Cost of Road Mobility
Improvements in Low-Cost Car Models
Safety and Health
Environment and Climate Protection
Costs in Aviation
Development Phases
Purchase Price
Operating Costs
Costs in Shipping
Improved Efficiency
Early Scrapping
Costs and Tendencies of Natural Gas Application as a Marine Fuel
Cost Saving in Transportation
Vehicle Technology
Aviation Technology
Ship Technology
Summary and Recommendations: Costs in Road Transport, Aviation, and Maritime Shipping
Costs in Road Transport
Costs in Aviation
Costs in Maritime ShippingFuture Transportation SystemsFuture Trends of Road Vehicle Technology
Near Future Phases of Development
Far Future Phases of Development
Future Trends in Aviation Technology
Near Future Phases of Development
Far Future Phases of Development
Future Trends in Ship Technology
Near Future Phases of Development
Far Future Phases of Development
Summary and Recommendations: Future Environment Friendly Transportation
Future Vehicle Technology
Future Aviation Technology
Future Ship TechnologyInteraction Between Future Transportation Technology and Future Fuel Supply
Time Dependency
Saving Fuel
Summary and Recommendations: Scenarios of Future TransportationAppendix A: Applied Units and Conversions
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