Muller I., Strehlow P. Rubber and Rubber Balloons: Paradigms of Thermodynamics

Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2004, 123 pages, ISBN10: 3540202447Experiments with rubber balloons and rubber sheets have led to surprising observations, some of them hitherto unknown or not previously described in the literature. In balloons, these phenomena are due to the non-monotonic pressure-radius characteristic which makes balloons a subject of interest to physicists engaged in stability studies. Here is a situation in which symmetry breaking and hysteresis may be studied analytically, because the stress-stretch relations of rubber - and its non-convex free energy - can be determined explicitly from the kinetic theory of rubber and from non-linear elasticity. Since rubber elasticity and the elasticity of gases are both entropy-induced, a rubber balloon represents a compromise between the entropic tendency of a gas to expand and the entropic tendency of rubber to contract. Thus rubber and rubber balloons furnish instructive paradigms of thermodynamics. This monograph treats the subject at a level appropriate for post-graduate studies.Stability of Two Rubber Balloons
Kinetic Theory of Rubber
Non-linear Elasticity
Biaxial Stretching of a Rubber Membrane - A Paradigm of Stability, Symmetry-Breaking, and Hysteresis
Stability of a Single Balloon
Stepwise Inflation of a Balloon
Two Balloons Revisited
Many Balloons - The Emergence of a Pseudoelastic Hysteresis
Stability of the Spherical Shape
Stress-Induced Crystallization of Rubber
History of Rubber and Its Use