Speight J.G. The Refinery of the Future

Elsevier, 2011. — 397 p.The petroleum refining industry integrates many process operations that are engaged in refining crude petroleum into petroleum products, liquid fuels such as gasoline and diesel in particular. It also incorporates many processes that produce raw materials for the petrochemical industry.
Over the past four decades, the refining industry has experienced significantchanges in oil market dynamics, resource availability, and technological advancements. Advancements made in exploration, production, and refining technologies allow utilization of resources such as heavy oil and tar sand bitumen that were considered economically and technically unsuitable in the middle decades of the past century. To meet these challenges, it is imperative for refiners to raise their operations to new levels of performance. Merely extending today’s performance incrementally will fail to meet most company’s goals.Feedstock Composition and Properties
Occurrence and Reserves
Conventional Petroleum
Heavy Oil
Tar Sand Bitumen
Bio-feedstocks
Recovery and Properties
Ultimate (Elemental) Composition
Chemical Composition
Fractional CompositionIntroduction to Refining Processes
Dewatering and Desalting
Distillation
Thermal Methods
Catalytic Methods
Hydroprocesses
Reforming
Isomerization, Alkylation, and Polymerization ProcessesRefining Chemistry
Cracking
Hydrogenation
Isomerization, Alkylation, and Polymerization
Instability and IncompatibilityDistillation
Current Processes and Equipment
Atmospheric Distillation
Vacuum Distillation
Other Processes
Process Innovations
Relevant PatentsThermal Cracking
Commercial Processes
Visbreaking
Coking Processes
Process Options for Heavy Feedstocks
Process Innovations
Relevant PatentsCatalytic Cracking
Commercial Processes and Catalysts
Fixed-Bed Processes
Fluid-Bed Processes
Moving-Bed Processes
Process Options for Heavy Feedstocks
Process Parameters
Process Innovations
Relevant PatentsDeasphalting Processes
Commercial Processes
Process Options for Heavy Feedstocks
Process Innovations
Relevant PatentsHydrotreating and Desulfurization
Commercial Processes and Catalysts
Process Options for Heavy Feedstocks
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Polishing
Process Innovations
Relevant PatentsHydrocracking
Commercial Processes and Catalysts
Process Design
Process Options for Heavy Feedstocks
Process Innovations
Relevant PatentsRefinery of the Future
Feedstocks
Petroleum, Heavy Oil, and Bitumen
Liquids from Coal and Oil Shale 1.3 Bio-liquids
Refinery Configuration
Products and Product Quality
Relevant Patents