Silberman Neil Asher (ed.) The Oxford Companion To Archaeology. Vol. 1. Ache-Hoho (A)

Second Edition. — Oxford University Press, 2012. — ISBN: 978-0-19-973578-5. (В файле с. 1-180).Since its publication in 1996, the Oxford Companion to Archaeology has firmly established itself as the standard reference work in the field of archaeology, remaining a favorite among students, scholars, and anyone interested in archaeology. In close to 800 entries, the second edition provides thorough coverage of historical archaeology, the development of archaeology as a field of study, and the ways the discipline works to explain the past. In addition to these theoretical entries, other entries describe the major excavations, discoveries, and innovations, from the discovery of the cave paintings at Lascaux to the deciphering of Egyptian hieroglyphics and the use of luminescence dating.
Much has changed in the field since 1996. Recent developments in methods and analytical techniques (e.g., laser-based mapping and survey systems, new applications of the scanning electron microscope) have revolutionized the ways excavations are performed. Cultural tourism, cultural resource management, heritage, and conservation have been redefined as areas within archaeology, and have been newly emphasized by scholars and administrators. Major site discoveries have expanded our understanding of prehistory and human developments through time.
The second edition explores each of these advances in the field, adding approximately 150 entries. In addition to significant expansion, first-edition entries have been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect the progress that has been made in the last decade and a half.Foreword for the Second Edition (Brian Fagan; revised by Gonen Sharon).
Introduction (Neil Asher Silberman).
Acheulean Tradition (Derek A. Roe).
Adena Culture (William S. Dancey).
Aegean Prehistoric Cultures.
Introduction (Neil Asher Silberman).
Cycladic Culture (Cyprian Broodbank).
Minoan Culture (Alan Peatfield; revised by Louise Hitchcock).
Helladic (Mycenaean) Culture (James S. Wright; revised by Kim S. Shelton).
Mycenae (Elizabeth B. French; revised by Kim S. Shelton).
Aerial Photography (C. F. Shell).
Afar (Tim D. White; revised by Sileshi Semaw).
Afghanistan and Central Asia (Josep M. Gurt Esparraguera and Veronica Martinez Ferreras).
Africa.
Introduction (Brian M. Fagan; revised by Peter Mitchell).
Prehistory of Africa (David W. Philipson; revised by Peter Mitchell).
Early Iron-Age Settlement of Sub-Saharan Africa (David W. Philipson; revised by Peter Mitchell).
The Rise of Kingdoms and States in Africa (Kevin McDonald).
Historical Archaeology of Africa (Martin Hall; revised by Nick Shepherd).
Africa, Archaeology In (Margarita Diaz-Andreu).
Africa, Origins of Food Production In (John Bower).
Agency Theories (Carl Henrik Lanhebaek).
Agriculture (Mark Nesbitt).
Aksum (David W. Philipson; revised by Michael DiBlasi).
Albright, W. F. (Leona Glidden Running).
Alexandria (Robert Steven Bianchi).
Altamira (Paul G. Bahn).
Alternative Archaeologies (Gabriel Moshenska).
Americas, Archaeology in the (Melisa Salerno).
Americas, First Settlement of The.
Settlement of the Americas Before 12,500 B.C. (Tom D. Dillehay; revised by K. Kris Hirst).
Settlement of the Americas After 12,500 B.C. (David J. Meltzer).
Americas, Introduction of Diseases Into the (Ann R. Ramenofsky).
Analogy (Alexander Gramsch).
Analysis, Methods of (George Michaels).
Anasazi Culture (See Ancient Pueblo Culture).
Anatolia (Mattanyah Zohar).
Ancient Pueblo Culture (Paul F. Reed).
Andean Pre-Inca Civilizations, the Rise Of.
Introduction (Jonathan Haas and Matthew Piscitelli).
Effects of El Nino on Peruvian Civilization (Daniel H. Sandweiss).
Maritime Foundations of Pre-Inca Civilization (Daniel H. Sandweiss).
Angkor, the Empire of. (See Khmer Civilization and the Empire of Angcor).
Animal Remains, Analysis of (Elizabeth J. Reitz).
Animals, Domestication of. (See Domestication of Animals).
Antiquarianism (Jarl Nordbladh).
Antiquity of Humankind in the Americas (David J. Meltzer).
Anuradhapura (Robin A. E. Coningham).
Anyang (Zhichun Jing).
Arabia and the Persian Gulf (Juris Zarins).
Archaeological Heritage Administration (Laurajane Smith).
Archaeological Influences in Art and Arcitecture (Ian Alden Russell).
Archaeological Societies (Nathan Schlanger).
Archaeology As a Discipline (George Michaels).
Archaeology In the Contemporary World (Cornelius Holtorf).
Archaeometry (George Michaels).
Archaeo-paleomagnetic Dating (Randall H. McGuire).
Archaeozoology (see Zooarchaeology).
Archival Management of Archaeological Records
Laws and Organizations (Eleanor King; revised by Paige M. Peyton).
International Standards (Duncan H. Brown).
Arms and Armor (Thom Richardson).
Artifact Distribution Analysis (Robert Whallon; updated by Thomas F. King).
Asia.
Introduction (George Michaels).
Prehistory and Early History of South Asia (Gregory L. Possehl).
Prehistory and Early History of Southeast Asia (Charles Higham).
Prehistory and Early History of East Asia (Song Nai Rhee; revised by Kidong Bae).
Historical Archaeology in Asia (Namita Sugandhi).
Asia, Archaeology in (Charles Higham).
Asia, Origins of Food Production In.
Origins of Food Production in South Asia (Carla M. Sinopoli; revised by Dilip K. Chakrabarti).
Origins of Food Production in Southeast Asia (Charles Higham).
Origins of Food Production in China (Sarah Milledge Nelson).
Astronomy.
Astronomy In the Old World (Anthony F. Aveni).
Astronomy In the Americas (Anthony F. Aveni).
Athabaskan Cultures of the American Southwest (Susan Kent).
Athens (Robin Osborne).
Australia (Ian J. McNiven)
Australia and New Guinea.
Introduction (Brian M. Fagan).
First Settlement of Sunda and Sahul (Jim Allen).
Aboriginal Peoples of Australia (Peter Hiscock).
The Archaeology of European Settlement in Australia (Graham Connah).
Australopithecus and Homo Habilis (Tim D. White; revised by Melanie D. Crisfield).
Avebury (Christopher Chippindale).
Aviation Archaeology (Thomas F. King).
Aztec Civilization.
Introduction (John M. D. Pohl).
The Rise of Aztec Civilization (Michael E. Smith).
Economic Organization of Aztec Civilization (Deborah L. Nichols; updated by Frances F. Berdan).
The Spanish Conquest of the Aztecs (Deborah L. Nichols; updated by Frances F. Berdan).