Stone R. Introduction to internal combustion engines

3rd edition. — EXPO Holdings, Malaysia. 1999. — 661 p.Internal combustion engines form part of most thermodynamics courses at Colleges and Universities. This book should be useful to students who are following specialist options in internal combustion engines, and also to students at earlier stages in their courses- especially with regard to laboratory work.
Practising engineers should also find the book useful when they need an overview of the subject, or when they are working on particular aspects of internal combustion engines that are new to them.
The subject of internal combustion engines draws on many areas of engineering: thermodynamics and combustion, fluid mechanics and heat transfer, mechanics, stress analysis, materials science, electronics and computing. However, internal combustion engines are not just subject to thermodynamic or engineering considerations - the commercial (marketing, sales etc.) and economic aspects are also important, and these are discussed as they arise.
In order to make this book self-contained, Appendix A now contains thermodynamic tables for combustion calculations; this should also ensure consistency in the answers if these tables are used in any calculations. The tables contain equilibrium constants and molar thermodynamic property
data (internal energy, enthalpy, Gibbs energy and entropy) for the species to be found in the reactants and products. The datum for enthalpy adopted here is zero enthalpy for elements when they are in their standard state at a temperature of 25°C. The enthalpy of any molecule at 25°C will thus correspond to its enthalpy of formation, llHr This choice of datum (although not used to my knowledge in any other tables) will be seen to facilitate energy balances in combustion. Unlike tables that use an identical datum for reactant and product species, there is no need to include
enthalpies or internal energies of reaction. Chapter 3 now contains much new material to explain and illustrate the use of these tables. The relevant examples have been solved using the old and new approaches for two reasons. Firstly, to demonstrate that combustion problems can be analysed more simply using data presented in the format of Appendix A. Secondly, because some students may have to use the format in existing tables for their examinations.
Since the first publication of Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines the preferred practice for denoting molar quantities is to use a lower case letter (to emphasise that it is a specific quantity) with a tilde above, for example ii. However, for consistency with the Solutions Manual (see below)
(and in common with many other publications) molar quantities will be denoted here by upper case letters. This requires the reader to decide whether the symbol refers to a molar specific quantity or a property value of a complete system.
Preparing the third edition has also provided the opportunity to include further worked examples and many problems (with numerical answers). There is now a Solutions Manual available, which contains the questions, answers and the thermodynamic data that can be found here in Appendix A. The solutions manual is thus self-contained, and provides an opportunity for some additional discussion to be included.