Müller Bodo. Understanding Additives

2nd Revised Edition. — Hanover: Vincentz Network, 2019. — 348 p. — ISBN: 3-7486-0167-0; ISBN: 978-3-7486-0168-5.Additives are substances which are added to a coating composition in small amounts (commonly less than one percent) to modify properties of a liquid paint or a solid coating obtained thereof in a desired direction. For example, one property of a liquid paint is the applicability which can be influenced by rheological additives (e.g. sag control agents). One property of solid coatings are their corrosion protective properties which can be influenced by corrosion protection additives or adhesion promotors, for example. Additives act like "medicines for paints and may show unwanted side effects.
The present textbook seeks to familiarise laboratory assistants, technicians, graduates, engineers, bachelors, masters and
chemists with this class of raw materials for paints. It presupposes a basic knowledge of chemistry . Moreover, it will serve as a reference work for all readers interested in raw materials, paints and coatings.
Exclusion of liability
It should be noted that this book reflects the author’s personal views, based upon his own knowledge. This does not absolve readers of the responsibility to perform their own tests with respect to the uses and applications of various processes or products described herein, and/or of obtaining additional advice regarding the same. Any liability of the author is excluded to the extent permitted by law, subject to legal interpretation.Wetting and dispersing agents
Dispersing process
Stabilisation of dispersions
Electrostatic stabilisation
Steric stabilisation
Typical wetting and dispersing agents
Dispersing agents
Wetting agents (surfactants)
Surface treatment of pigments and fillers
Organic coloured pigments
Titanium dioxide
Inorganic after -treatment
Organic after -treatment
Fillers
Fumed or pyrogenic silica
Lamellar metal pigments
For solvent-borne paints
For water-borne paints
Substrate-wetting additives/levelling agents
Surface defects
Silicone additives
Polydimethyl siloxanes
Chemically modified silicone additives
Defoamers
Foam types and foam stabilisation
Types and mode of action of defoamers
Defoamers for water-borne paints
Defoamers for solvent-borne paints
Deaeration of coating powders
Rheologically active additives
Rheological additives for water-borne and latex paints
Layer silicates
Fumed (pyrogenic) silica
Polymeric rheology modifiers
Acrylates
Hydrophobically modified ethylene oxide urethanes (HEURs)
Polysaccharides
Rheological additives for solvent-borne paints
Organoclays
Fumed (pyrogenic) silica
Rheological additives based on urea
Rheological additives in stoving enamels
Catalysts
Driers
Anti-skinning agents
Catalysts for polyurethane coatings
Catalysts for two-component epoxy coatings
Acid catalysts for stoving enamels
Adhesion promoters
Silane adhesion promoters
Silane adhesion-promoting primers
Thin polymeric adhesion layers
Aminosilane as hardener in two-component epoxy paints
Corrosion protection additives
Corrosion of metals
Distinction from anticorrosive pigments
Organic corrosion protection additives
Corrosion inhibitors for metal pigments in aqueous alkaline paint media …
Protection of coatings from weathering
Photooxidation/UV degradation
Absorption and emission of light
Photooxidation of polymers and paint resins
Damage done to coatings by weathering
Chalking
Photocatalytic oxidation cycle
Fading of organic colorants
Embrittlement, crack formation and delamination
Special aspects of wood weathering
Damage specific to two-coat metallic coatings
Stabilisation of coatings against photooxidation
Pigmentation
Light stabilisers
UV absorbers
F ree-radical scavengers
Photoinitiators/UV initiators
UV-curing coatings
Mode of action of photoinitiators
Coalescing agents
Film formation by primary dispersions (latices)
Mode of action of coalescing agents
Neutralising agents
Neutralising agents for binders bearing carboxyl groups
Neutralising agents for binders bearing amino groups
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