Dunning T.J. Trades' unions and strikes: their philosophy and intention

London: Published by the author and sold by Μ. Harley, 1860. — 52 p.Thomas Joseph Dunning (1799-1873) was an English bookbinder and trade unionist. On the request of the members of his trade union, he wrote and published this his pamphlet on the philosophy of trade unionism. He argued that employer and employed workmen were not standing on equal footing during bargaining process and encouraged workers to combine into unions to increase their bargaining powers. However, he cautioned against falling into radicalism and anarchy and emphasized that capital and labour "are each, notwithstanding these occasional disagreements, the truest friends of the other, and neither can inflict an injury on the other without its recoiling on himself. Capital and Labour should go hand in hand. Experience has amply proved that the Capitalist cannot injure the Labourer, or the Labourer the Capitalist, without each inflicting injury, and perhaps ruin, upon themselves."Famous quote in Marx's Capital from Dunning's pamphlet runs as:
"Capital is said by a Quarterly Reviewer to fly turbulence and strife, and to be timid, which is very true; but this is very incompletely stating the question. Capital eschews no profit, or very small profit, just as Nature was formerly said to abhor a vacuum. With adequate profit, capital is very bold. A certain 10 per cent. will ensure its employment anywhere; 20 per cent. certain will produce eagerness; 50 per cent., positive audacity; 100 per cent. will make it ready to trample on all human laws; 300 per cent., and there is not a crime at which it will scruple, nor a risk it will not run, even to the chance of its owner being hanged. If turbulence and strife will bring a profit, it will freely encourage both. Smuggling and the slave-trade have amply proved all that is here stated." — «Капитал», — говорит «Quarterly Reviewer», — «избегает шума и брани и отличается боязливой натурой. Это правда, но это еще не вся правда. Капитал боится отсутствия прибыли или слишком маленькой прибыли, как природа боится пустоты. Но раз имеется в наличии достаточная прибыль, капитал становится смелым. Обеспечьте 10 процентов, и капитал согласен на всякое применение, при 20 процентах он становится оживленным, при 50 процентах положительно готов сломать себе голову, при 100 процентах он попирает все человеческие законы, при 300 процентах нет такого преступления, на которое он не рискнул бы, хотя бы под страхом виселицы. Если шум и брань приносят прибыль, капитал станет способствовать тому и другому. Доказательство; контрабанда и торговля рабами.»Текстовый слой (OCR).