Findley Carter Vaughn. Ottoman Civil Officialdom: A Social History

Princeton University Press, 1989. — 399 p.Acknowledgements
The scibale service on the eve of the reform
Social origins and civil officials
Education
Intellectual orientation
Career patterns: Office environment, procedure, sense of professionalism
Patronage and promotion
Salaries and living standarts
Conclusion: A Gallery of portraits in perspective
Appendices