Costa N., Haykin S. Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output Channel Models. Theory and Practice

IEEE / John Wiley, 2010. — 248 p. — ISBN10: 047039983X, ISBN13: 978-0470399835.Many wireless communications channels consist of multiple signal paths from the transmitter to receiver. This multiplicity of paths leads to a phenomenon known as multipath fading. The multiple paths are caused by the presence of objects in the physical environment that, through the mechanisms of propagation, alter the path of radiated energy. These objects are referred to as scatterers. In the past, researchers often looked at ways to mitigate multipath scattering, such as in diversity systems. Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) systems, on the other hand, use multipath diversity to their advantage; a MIMO system has the ability to translate increased spatial diversity into increased channel capacity. This promise of increased capacity has meant that, over the course of the past 10 years, MIMO technologies have become more widespread. MIMO has been accepted into numerous wireless standards, such as the IEEE 802.11n.
The capacity of a MIMO channel is highly dependent on the spatial structure of the channel. MIMO channel models are an important tool in understanding the potential gains of a MIMO system. This text presents the theory behind MIMO channel modeling in the context of linear system theory and probability. It discusses examples of two types of MIMO channel models in detail: correlative channel models and cluster models.
Channel models are validated using data measured from real-life channels. In this way, channel modeling and channel sounding are closely related. The text discusses the theory behind different channel sounding techniques, including those used to measure the wideband MIMO channel. MIMO channel sounders can be roughly divided into two categories: true MIMO and switched-array sounders. The text describes two important examples of wideband MIMO channel sounders; namely, the wideband MIMO software defined radio (WMSDR) and the Brigham Young University (BYU) wideband channel sounder. The WMSDR is a true MIMO sounder, capable of transmitting and receiving digital data simultaneously on all of its antennas. The BYU sounder is a switched-array type. To address the applicability of several models, real-life data is used to validate their performance. This includes a discussion on metrics used in validating wideband MIMO channel models and their meaning.
Throughout the text, the focus is on a balanced treatment of the theory and application of wideband MIMO channel models. Each chapter includes a list of important references. This includes core literary references, MatLAB implementations of key models, and the location of databases that can be used to help in the development of new models or communication algorithms. The text is intended primarily for engineers at a graduate or postgraduate level. It is intended to give the reader a clear understanding of the underlying propagation mechanisms in the wideband MIMO channel. This knowledge is fundamental to the development of communication algorithms, signaling strategies, and transceiver design for MIMO systems.Multiple Antenna Channels and Correlation.
Correlative Models.
Cluster Models.
Channel Sounding.
Experimental Verifications.
A An Introduction to Tensor Algebra.
B Proof of Theorems from Chapter 3.
C COST 273 Model Summary.