Helgaker Jan Fredrik, Oosterkamp Antonie, Langelandsvik Leif Idar, Ytrehus Tor. Validation of 1D flow model for high pressure offshore natural gas pipelines

Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 16 (2014). — p. 44-56.Transportation of natural gas through high pressure large diameter offshore pipelines is modeled by numerically solving the governing equations for one-dimensional compressible pipe flow using an im- plicit finite difference method. The pipelines considered have a diameter of 1 m and length of approx- imately 650 km. The influence of different physical parameters which enter into the model are investigated in detail. These include the friction factor, equation of state and heat transfer model. For high pressure pipelines it is shown that the selection of the equation of state can have a considerable effect on the simulated flow results, with the recently developed GERG 2004 being compared to the more traditional SRK, PengeRobinson and BWRS equations of state. Also, including heat accumulation in the ground is important in order to model the correct temperature at the outlet of the pipeline. The flow model is validated by comparing computed results to measured values for an offshore natural gas pipeline.