Kristoffersen Martin, Bшrvik Tore, Westermann Ida, Langseth Magnus, Hopperstad Odd Sture. Impact against X65 steel pipes - An experimental investigation

International Journal of Solids and Structures 50 (2013). — p. 3430–3445.Offshore pipelines subjected to accidental loads, such as impacts from trawl gear or anchors, may expe- rience large global displacements from its initial position and large local strains. The axial forces set up during deformation move the pipeline back towards its initial position, thereby creating a complex local stress and strain history that may lead to fracture in the pipeline. In this study, material and component tests have been carried out on an X65 offshore pipeline material to investigate the behaviour during impact, and to observe if fracture occurs. Pipes were first impacted in a pendulum accelerator at varying velocities before they were pulled straight in a tension machine. Fracture was found in the impacted area of all the pipes. Material tests were carried out to determine the characteristics of the X65 pipeline mate- rial. A metallurgical investigation was also conducted, revealing that fracture initiated both inside the pipe wall and on the surface