Haugle N.J. The Effects of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Combustion And Emissions in an Air-Cooled Utility Engine

University of Wisconsin, Madison, 2006. 157 р. Master of Science (Mechanical Engineering)Abstract
AcknowledgementsList of Figures
List of Tables
NomenclatureMotivation
Small Engines
Small Engine Emission Standards
Objective
Background and Literature ReviewSmall Engine Emissions Testing
Exhaust Gas Residual
Exhaust Diluent Effects on Combustion and Emissions
Internal Residual Gas
Source of Internal Residual
Techniques for Residual Measurement
Residual Prediction Techniques
Unique Conditions in the Small Engine
Long Valve Overlap for Maximum Charging Efficiency
Lack of Constant Intake Manifold Vacuum
Small Engine Design Requirements
Residual Mixing
Mixing Behavior
Homogeneous Mixture Effects on Combustion
Dilution Tolerance
Cyclic Variability
Definition
Characterizing of Cycle Variability
Cycle-Resolved Hydrocarbon Measurements
Fuel Mixture Preparation Effects on Combustion and Emissions
Carburetion
Homogeneous Mixture
Ignition Effects on Combustion
Spark Timing
Spark Energy
Spark Volume
Experiemental Setup
Engine Description
Engine Dynamometer, Torque Sensor, and Shaft Encoder
Engine Control System
Fresh Air Delivery System
Fuel System
Carburetor
Homogeneous Mixture System
Exhaust System
External Exhaust Gas Recirculation System
Air-Fuel Ratio Analyzer
Ignition System
Pressure Transducers
Data Acquisition Systems and Data Processing
Intake Sample System and In-Cylinder Sample Conditioning
Exhaust Emissions Analyzer
Fast Flame Ionizing Detector
In-cylinder Sampling Valve
Diluent Measurement and AnalysisExperimental Operating Conditions
EGR Study
Additional Studies
Diluent Measurement
Diluent Analysis
Analytical Technique
Parameter Sensitivity
Achieved EGR and Diluent Mass Fraction
Characteristics of Combustion and EmissionsGeneral Statements about Results
Pressure Measurements
Heat Release Analysis
Emissions Index Calculations
Comparison of Fuel Delivery System
Fuel Preparation Effects on Combustion Performance
Fuel Preparation Effects on Engine-Out Emissions
Exhaust Gas Diluent
Effects on Combustion Performance
Effects on Engine-Out Emissions
Ignition Timing Effects
Ignition Timing Effects on Combustion Performance
Ignition Timing Effects on Engine-Out Emissions.
Comparison of Well Mixed EGR and Maximum Overlap
Ignition Energy and Volume
Intake Runner Volume Influence on Residual Retention
Conclusions and Recommendations
Overview
Summary of Results
RecommendationsAppendix A.1
A/F Measurement Calibration
Appendix A.2
Pressure Transducer Calibration
Appendix A.3
Choked Flow Orifice Calibration
Appendix B.1
Pressure, FFID, SV Data Analysis Program
Appendix B.2
Emissions, Performance, and Mass Flow Data Analysis Program
Appendix C.1
Experimental Procedure for EGR Investigation
Appendix D.1
Tabulated Results